Photovoltaic Water Pump Installation: Key Points of Location Selection and Foundation Fixation

Photovoltaic Water Pump Installation: Key Points of Location Selection and Foundation Fixation

The efficiency and long-term operation of a photovoltaic water pump system depends half on the quality of the equipment and the other half on professional installation. The installation location and fixing method of the solar panels and water pump are the core of the entire installation work, directly affecting the system's efficiency and safety.

I. Key Points of Solar Panel Location Selection

Solar panels are the system's "energy collectors," and the selection of their installation location is crucial.

Primary Principle: Unobstructed Sunlight

Ensure the installation location is in the midday hours (usually 9 am to 3 pm) with the most abundant sunlight throughout the year (especially around the winter solstice), completely free from the shadows of buildings, trees, chimneys, etc. Even a small area of shadow can significantly reduce the output of the entire panel system.

Orientation: In the Northern Hemisphere, the optimal orientation is due south. Southeast or southwest directions are also acceptable, but there will be some loss in power generation.

Tilting Angle: For fixed installations, the optimal annual average tilt angle is usually equal to the local latitude. If you primarily use water in the summer, the tilt angle can be adjusted to a smaller angle; if you use water in the winter, the tilt angle should be increased. An adjustable bracket is the best choice.

Secondary considerations: Safety, stability, and convenience

Avoid hazards: Avoid installation in low-lying areas prone to water accumulation, landslide risk areas, or locations where they may be struck by vehicles or falling objects.

Ventilation and heat dissipation: Sufficient space (more than 10 cm recommended) should be left behind the solar panel to facilitate heat dissipation and prevent overheating from affecting efficiency and lifespan.

Ease of maintenance: The location should facilitate cleaning dust from the panel surface and inspection and maintenance. Avoid installation on steep roof edges that are difficult to access.

II. Water Pump Installation Location and Method The water pump is the "executor" of the system, and its installation must be combined with the water source and water delivery requirements.

Submersible pump:

Installation location: Must be completely submerged below the water surface of the water source (well, pond, river), and the pump body should be at least 0.5-1 meter above the bottom to prevent the intake of mud, sand, and debris.

Key Points: Ensure the pump body is vertically suspended, and that cables and water pipes are securely fixed to prevent swaying or friction against the well wall due to water flow impact during operation.

Surface Pumps (Centrifugal Pumps, etc.):

Installation Location: The pump should be installed on a stable, level, and dry foundation near a water source. The pump's suction inlet must be below the water surface, or a suitable foot valve and priming device must be provided.

Key Points: Strictly prevent air intake. All suction lines must be tightly sealed to prevent air leakage that could prevent water pumping.

III. Core Requirements for Foundation Fixation

Wind Pressure Resistance and Overturning Resistance: This is the most important safety requirement. The solar panel bracket and pump base must be able to withstand the maximum wind force possible in the area. A concrete foundation is the most stable option; its depth and size should be calculated based on local soil conditions and equipment dimensions. When installing on a roof, professional clamps or through-type fasteners must be used, ensuring secure fixation to the main load-bearing structure of the roof.

Rust and Corrosion Prevention: All exposed metal brackets and bolts should be hot-dip galvanized or adequately treated with rust prevention to withstand long-term outdoor exposure to sun and rain.

Electrical Wiring Safety: Cables connecting the solar panels, controller, and water pump should be protected by flame-retardant PVC or metal conduits to prevent UV aging, animal chewing, or mechanical damage. Wiring should be neat and secure.

IV. Preliminary Post-Installation Inspection

After installation, the following checks must be performed:

Structural Stability: Shake the bracket and base firmly to ensure there is no looseness.

Electrical Connections: Confirm all joints are secure and waterproof (use IP65 or higher waterproof connectors).

Trial Run: Conduct the first trial run at midday with good sunlight, observing whether the system starts up and runs smoothly and whether the water output is normal.

Summary: Stability is the Foundation, Details Determine Success

Installing a photovoltaic water pump is not simply "placing it on and connecting the wires," but a system engineering project that requires comprehensive consideration of sunlight, mechanics, electrical systems, and safety. A stable and reliable foundation and an optimal location with unobstructed sunlight are the two cornerstones ensuring the system's stable operation for the next ten years or more. It is recommended to develop a detailed plan before installation and have it carried out by experienced professionals. Do not leave long-term safety and efficiency risks in order to save on installation costs.